June 22nd 2nd century

Saint Galene and Saint Valene

AND THE TEN THOUSAND CRUCIFIED MARTYRS (2nd century).

Galene and Valene were among the ten thousand Christians crucified on Mount Ararat in Greater Armenia during the reign of Emperor Hadrian in the 2nd century. Their bodies were transferred in 1468 to the city of Geldern, where they are honored through numerous miracles. A feast day was established in their honor on June 22 by the Archbishop of Cologne.

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    SAINT GALENE AND SAINT VALENE,

    AND THE TEN THOUSAND CRUCIFIED MARTYRS (2nd century).

    Context 01 / 03

    Historical context of the crucifixion

    The text recalls the torment of the cross inflicted upon Christ, then applied massively to the Jews by the emperors Vespasian and Titus during the siege of Jerusalem.

    The torment of the cross, inflicted at the request of the Jews upon Our Lord Jesus Christ by Pontius Pilate, was subsequently inflicted upon the Jews themselves by the emperors Vespasian and Titus, docile, albeit blind, instruments of divine vengeance, which punished this deicide race by the law of retaliation.

    During the siege that these emperors laid to Jerusalem, all the Jews who fell into their hands were crucified by them in front of and in sight of the city; five hundred, and sometimes more, were executed in this way each day. The multitude of those who endured this torment was such that the crosses appeared as thick in the countryside as the ears of a harvest. There was a lack of space for the gallows and the corpses. It was b y this same torme nt that the emperor Hadrian, that cruel persecutor, caused te n thousand Christian s to peris h on Mount Ararat, near Alexandria, a city of Greater Armenia.

    Martyrdom 02 / 03

    The martyrdom of Mount Ararat

    Under Emperor Hadrian, ten thousand Christians, including Galene and Valene, suffered martyrdom by crucifixion on Mount Ararat in Greater Armenia.

    Among these martyrs were Galene and Val ene, w hose bodie s, during the pontificate of Paul II and the reign of Emperor Frederick III, and while Adolph, Count of Egmont, governed the province of Guelders, in the year 1468, were transferred to the city of Guelders. They h ave not ceased to be held in great honor there and to shine with miracles. The Archbishop of Cologne, Herm an of Hesse, in stituted, with the approval of the Holy See, an anniversary feast in their honor, and fixed it for June 22.

    Cult 03 / 03

    Translation of relics and institution of the cult

    In 1468, the bodies of the saints were transferred to Guelders; a cult and an annual feast were instituted by the Archbishop of Cologne with the agreement of the Pope.

    Proper of Limburg.

    Official source Les Petits Bollandistes, by Mgr Paul GUÉRIN, chamberlain to His Holiness Pius IX.

    Signs and attributes

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    The names, places, and concepts most present in the entry, weighted by centrality in the text.

    The miracles of Saint Galene and Saint Valene

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    Frequently asked questions about Saint Galene and Saint Valene

    Who was Saint Galene and Saint Valene?

    Galene and Valene were among the ten thousand Christians crucified on Mount Ararat in Greater Armenia during the reign of Emperor Hadrian in the 2nd century. Their bodies were transferred in 1468 to the city of Geldern, where they are honored through numerous miracles. A feast day was established in their honor on June 22 by the Archbishop of Cologne.

    What is Saint Galene and Saint Valene the patron saint of?

    Patronage of Saint Galene and Saint Valene: Gelderland.

    How is Saint Galene and Saint Valene depicted in Christian art?

    In iconography, Saint Galene and Saint Valene is recognizable by: cross.

    How did Saint Galene and Saint Valene die?

    Saint Galene and Saint Valene suffered martyrdom for the Christian faith (2nd century).

    What miracles are attributed to Saint Galene and Saint Valene?

    1 miracle are attributed to this saint, notably: Sign / wonder.

    Which saints were contemporaries of Saint Galene and Saint Valene?

    Contemporaries include: Saint Dionysius the Areopagite (First Bishop of Paris), Saint Pothinus and his companions (Martyrs of Lyon), Saint Benignus of Smyrna and Jesus Christ (Relics of the Passion).

    What are the other names of Saint Galene and Saint Valene?

    Other forms of the name: Galène and Valène.

    Annexes & related entities

    Structured data for exploration: events, miracles, quotes, places, attributes, patronages, and important entities cited in the text.

    Key Events

    1. Martyrdom by crucifixion on Mount Ararat under Emperor Hadrian
    2. Translation of the relics in 1468 in the city of Guelders
    3. Establishment of an anniversary feast by the Archbishop of Cologne